新概念英语-听录音,并回答问题
新概念英语 - 小编笔记
小编笔记:
可惜了这浪漫美好的标题,读完却让人高兴不起来
I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. 一般现在时,我生活在一个美丽树林环绕的古镇。这是一个 含有定语从句的复合句。通过使用关系代词 which 引导的定语从句,进一步说明这个古镇,英语和汉语就是在这里有明显的思维差异,英语会通过后置定语的方式,一方面快速的说完主要的信息,我生活在一个古镇,另一方面用一个定语从句来进一步补充说明古镇。
【调皮一下】其实,这句还可以这样说,I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. 这样的句子不再是复合句,而是一个过去分词短语做后置定语的简单句了,这在英语表达中更加简洁、常用。
先看主干部分,I live in a town, 这句是什么句型呢,您可以思考以下,是主语+谓语+宾语吗?
请注意这不是主谓宾,而是主谓状结构,live是这个句子的谓语,但后面是一个状语,in a town, live本身是不及物动词,后面不是宾语。。
但就 in a town 而言,这是介词短语做状语,这个介词短语由介词 in 加上介词宾语 a town 构成,后面那句的 by woods是一样的,也是介词宾语,这里就涉及到一个重要的语法点,介词宾语,英语有两类宾语,动词宾语和介词宾语,介词短语很早就出现了(最早出现在第23课,I want the one on the shelf, 这里介词短语on the shelf是一个用作后置定语的介词短语。还有第31课,She’s sitting under the tree.), 我相信大家都非常熟悉, 这里从语法的角度进一步拆解, 让大家能进一步知其然也知其所以然。
- 动词宾语 (Object of a Verb):跟在及物动词后面,表示动作的承受者。
- 例如:I love you. (you 是动词 love 的宾语)
- 例如:She bought a book. (book 是动词 bought 的宾语)
- 介词宾语 (Object of a Preposition):跟在介词后面,与介词一起构成介词短语。
- 例如:The cat is on the table. (table 是介词 on 的宾语)
- 例如:We talked about the weather. (weather 是介词 about 的宾语)
然后,在这个主干之后,来了一个定语从句,which is surrounded by beautiful woods,这里首先是一个被动式 is surrounded,古镇是被包围的,然后说被什么包围 by woods,
On sundays,我记得我们以前说过,Sunday后面有个s,显然这个是描述一般性的情况,是说每到周末的意思,
然后再来强化一下被动语态:visitors been asked to...litter baskets have been placed..这些都是被动语态,同时,从时态来说,这些现在完成时,所有这些劝说和垃圾桶的准备都是已经完成的动作,且应该对现在还起作用,。。
从写作的角度,前面那些句子算是交代清楚了背景,然后作者开始具体描述自己在上周三的经历。时态应该进入过去时了,其中还出现一次被动:the ground was covered with pieces of paper...and rusty tins
最后一句,又再次出现被动语态,anyone...will be prosecuted
新概念英语 - 教材原文
新概念英语-课文
I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. It is a famous beauty spot. On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods. Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy. Litter baskets have been placed under the trees, but people still throw their rubbish everywhere. Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods. What I saw made me very sad. I counted seven old cars and three old refrigerators. The little baskets were empty and the ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins. Among the rubbish, I found a sign which said, 'Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!'
新概念英语-单词和短语
surround v. 包围wood n. 树林
beauty spot 风景点
hundred n. 百
city n. 城市
through prep.穿过
visitor n. 参观者,游客,来访者
tidy adj. 整齐的
litter n. 杂乱的东西
litter basket 废物筐
place v. 放
throw( threw; thrown) v. 扔,抛
rubbish n. 垃圾
count v. 数,点
cover v. 覆盖
piece n. 碎片
tyre n. 轮胎
rusty adj. 生锈的
among prep.在……之间
prosecute v. 依法处置
新概念英语-翻译
我住在一个由美丽的树林环绕的古老的小镇上。这是一个著名的风景胜地。每适星期天,有许许多人从城里来观赏我们的小镇,并在树林中散步。游客已被告知要保持树林的整洁。树下都已设置了废物筐,但是人们仍到处扔垃圾。上星期三我到树林里去散步。我所见到的一切使我非常难过。我数了一下,有7辆旧汽车和3个旧冰箱。废物筐是空的,而满地都是纸片、烟头、旧轮胎,空瓶子和生锈的空罐头盒。在垃圾堆中我发现了一块牌子,上面写着:“凡在此树林里丢弃垃圾者,将依法处置"。